AMSTERDAM—Royal Philips has provided new test results for first-generation DreamStation devices (about 68% of registered devices globally) affected by the voluntary recall notification/field safety notice and is encouraging health care providers and patients to consult the update while making decisions.
“Our first priority is the health and well-being of patients, both in terms of safety and providing replacement devices,” said Roy Jakobs, CEO of Royal Philips. “Over the past 18 months, we have focused on gaining more clarity about the safety of the devices affected by the June 2021 field safety notice, and providing replacement devices to patients as fast as we can. The comprehensive test and research program has yielded extensive data and results for the first-generation DreamStation devices ... and we now have a better understanding of the potential health risks compared to the limited insights that we had in early 2021."
The company issued its voluntary recall in June 2021 after discovering a potential health risk related to the sound abatement polyether polyurethane (PE-PUR) foam in certain CPAP, BiPAP and ventilator devices. Since then, Philips has produced close to 4 million repair kits and replacement devices globally and shipped 2 million in the United States, according to the company's website.
In mid-December, the company also offered updates on some of its replaced devices, including a troubleshooting guide for users and providers. Find it here. It also said it had temporarily suspended repairs on Trilogy 100/200 devices due to issues with foam separating from the plastic backing on some repaired models, and also the observation of residual PE-PUR foam in some devices that were returned to the field.
The test and research program has been conducted together with five independent, certified testing laboratories, and the results have been reviewed and assessed by third-party qualified experts and Philips Respironics, as well as an external medical panel.These devices have not been exposed to ozone cleaning in line with the instructions for use.
- Philips Respironics has provided the data and analyses to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other authorities. The FDA is still considering the data and analyses that Philips Respironics has provided and may reach different conclusions.
- Healthcare providers, patients, and other stakeholders should use the complete update (including information on the limitations of the testing) for any informed decision making and should not solely rely on the overview in this press release.
- As described further below, Philips Respironics’ guidance for healthcare providers and patients remains unchanged.
- Philips Respironics will continue with the remediation program.
The complete update on the PE-PUR testing results and conclusions available to date can be found here, and the overall findings for the first-generation DreamStation devices are summarized below.
Results for first-generation DreamStation devices not exposed to ozone cleaning:
- The new results indicate that exposure to particulate matter (PM) emissions from degraded foam in DreamStation devices, including potential respirable and non-respirable particulates, is unlikely to result in an appreciable harm to health in patients.
New, lab-aged and used devices were tested and all were compliant with ISO 18562-2 [1] allowable limits for PM emissions. Testing was performed on devices with varying degrees of degradation (i.e., from no degradation to severe degradation), including 61 new devices, 96 used devices, and 24 devices with lab-aged foam that intentionally had been exposed to significantly elevated temperatures (≥80 oC) and humidity (≥75% RH) to accelerate degradation.
Further tested PM emissions of used devices with degradation were not statistically different than PM emissions of used devices without degradation, suggesting that degradation did not contribute to appreciable elevated levels of respirable particles in the devices tested.
Biocompatibility testing, including the chemical evaluation and toxicological risk assessment in accordance with ISO 10993 [2], is now complete for the foam in first-generation DreamStation devices. Even with the very conservative and theoretical assumption of exposure to all of the degraded PE-PUR foam within the device, the third-party risk assessment concluded that exposure to particulates from degraded foam in DreamStation devices, including potential respirable and non-respirable particulates, is unlikely to result in an appreciable harm to health in patients.
- The results further indicate that the exposure to volatile organic compound emissions (VOCs) is not anticipated to result in long-term health consequences for patients.
Expanded testing and toxicological risk assessments on multiple devices with new, used, and lab-aged foam have shown no appreciable harm to health for the VOCs detected. Therefore, exposure to the level of VOCs identified to date for the first-generation DreamStation devices is not anticipated to result in long-term health consequences for patients based on ISO 18562-3 [3] testing and evaluation of new, lab-aged and used devices. This is consistent with the results presented in December 2021. Similar to the PM testing described above, VOC testing was performed on new, lab-aged and used devices with varying degrees of degradation.
- Prevalence of visible foam degradation in inspected returned devices was found to be low.
Based on the visual inspection of the foam in returned first-generation DreamStation devices, the prevalence of visible foam degradation was found to be low. 164 out of 36,341 (0.5%) returned devices from the US and Canada were inspected and showed significant visible foam degradation. These devices were self-reported as not using ozone cleaning. Only 1 out of 2,469 (0.04%) inspected devices returned from multiple countries in Europe showed significant visible foam degradation. This included devices from the Netherlands, the UK, Italy, and Spain, ranged in age up to around 6 years. None of the 1,964 (0%) inspected returned devices from Japan showed significant visible degradation. This is consistent with the results presented in June 2022.
Visual inspection can only identify visible foam degradation and cannot measure volatile organic compounds generation or quantify particulate loss, therefore additional testing and analyses were performed as described above and in the complete update.
"I would like to stress that we are very sorry that it has taken this much time, but the testing involved long throughput times, and needed to be done thoroughly," Jakobs said. "We deeply regret the concern and uncertainty felt by patients, their physicians, and customers, and continue to work hard to address their needs. By year-end we have ramped up our production such that we have produced almost 90% of all devices that are needed for the remediation program.”
“The relevant competent authorities globally, including the FDA, are still reviewing the extensive data and assessments that we have provided," Jakobs continued. "We share the same objective to ensure patient safety and quality in the delivery of healthcare. We are therefore committed to working closely with these agencies, as we continue to complete the test and research program, and the remediation of the affected devices.”
Philips Respironics is also conducting ongoing testing on devices that have been exposed to ozone cleaning in addition to the tests related to first-generation DreamStation devices that have not been exposed to ozone cleaning.
Results to date for first-generation DreamStation devices exposed to ozone cleaning:
- Data available to date for first-generation DreamStation devices indicate that ozone cleaning exacerbates foam degradation: returned devices from the US and Canada with user-reported ozone cleaning are 14 times more likely to have significant visible foam degradation (7% of the inspected devices) compared to devices with no user-reported ozone exposure (0.5% of the inspected devices). This observation is consistent with laboratory testing, where first-generation DreamStation devices exposed to increasing cycles of ozone cleaning had increasingly more severe visual degradation.
- Testing and analyses regarding risks associated with respirable and non-respirable particulates have been performed to date on devices with known ozone exposure. Two used devices with user-reported ozone exposure were included in the extractables and leachables testing, which formed the foundation for a toxicological risk assessment of foam particulates in accordance with ISO 10993-17 and -18 [2]. That third-party collective analysis concluded that exposure to particulates from degraded foam with self-reported ozone use in first-generation DreamStation devices is unlikely to result in an appreciable harm to health in patients.
- The VOC toxicological risk of this ozone-induced foam degradation is still being assessed.
The test and research program is being conducted together with five independent, certified testing laboratories, third-party qualified experts, and an external medical panel. The applied test methods—comprising test planning, test execution, and interpretation of the results for the completed risk assessments—are in accordance with the applicable ISO 18562 [1,3] and ISO 10993 [2] industry standards, Philips said in a news release.
Summary of ongoing tests
Philips Respironics is in the process of completing various other tests. The toxicological risk assessment of the VOC emissions resulting from ozone-induced foam degradation in first generation DreamStation devices is being finalized. Testing for the SystemOne sleep therapy devices (approximately 26% of the registered devices globally) and DreamStation Go (approximately 1% of the registered devices globally) that contain the same PE-PUR foam as the first-generation DreamStation devices is in progress.
Additionally, for the Trilogy 100/200 (approximately 3% of the registered devices globally) and OmniLab Advanced Plus ventilator devices (approximately 2% of the registered devices globally) VOC and PM testing continues, as well as chemical evaluation and toxicological risk assessment. These devices contain a different type of PE-PUR foam than the first-generation DreamStation devices [4].
New Trilogy 100/200 devices passed VOC and PM testing to date, as well as several biocompatibility tests including ISO 10993 cytotoxicity, irritation and sensitization testing.
However, new and lab-aged Trilogy 100/200 foam failed ISO 10993 genotoxicity testing, and therefore a weight of evidence assessment is ongoing to confirm or exclude potential risks for patients under the expected usage of these devices. Similar to the analyses performed for the first-generation DreamStation foam, additional chemical characterization as well as experiments to assess the probability and amount of degraded PE-PUR foam that can potentially reach the patient are being conducted to support the full toxicological risk assessment.
Guidance for healthcare providers and patients
Philips Respironics continues to advise patients using affected CPAP/BiPAP sleep therapy devices to contact their physician or care provider to decide on a suitable treatment for their condition, which may include stopping use of their device, continuing to use their affected device, using another similar device that is not part of the recall, or using alternative treatments for sleep apnea.
Moreover, patients are advised to follow Philips Respironics’ instructions and recommended cleaning and replacement guidelines for their CPAP machine and accessories. Ozone and UV light cleaning products are not currently approved cleaning methods for sleep apnea devices or masks and should not be used. Philips Respironics also continues to advise users of mechanical ventilator devices to contact their healthcare providers before making any changes to their therapy.
Philips Respironics remains fully committed to support patients and remediating the devices affected by the recall notification/field safety notice, and continues to work with the relevant competent authorities to further optimize the remediation plan. Philips Respironics expects to complete around 90% of the production this year for the delivery of replacement devices to patients.
Further information, including the complete update and FAQs can be found here.
