As the baby boomers enter retirement, we have seen, and will continue to see, tremendous changes in the way many businesses cater to them. Baby boomers, for the most part, are not going to settle. They are used to getting what they want, and they're looking for individuality, ease of use and, especially, comfort.
Most important, they are willing to pay extra to get these additional features. This plays well into the hands of savvy HME companies that want to provide upgrades on the equipment they put out. Why sell a manual hospital bed if the beneficiary wants one that is fully electric? It makes the beneficiary happy and it helps your bottom line. A win-win situation in anyone's book.
The question, then, is how do you properly bill an upgrade? (An upgrade is defined as an item that goes beyond what is medically necessary under Medicare's coverage requirements.)
Medicare has come up with several modifiers you can use to indicate that you are providing an upgrade. The “GK” modifier is used when an ABN is obtained and you want to collect the difference from the beneficiary. The “GL” modifier is used when no ABN has been obtained and you want to provide the upgrade with no additional charge to the beneficiary.
In the case of the GK, let's assume that the beneficiary wants a fully electric bed (E0265) but he or she only meets the Medicare guidelines for a manual bed. In this case, you would obtain an ABN for the E0265 and bill it with a GA modifier. You would then, on the next claim line, bill the manual bed (E0255) using a GK modifier:
E0265GA
E0255KXGK
Note that the claims must be billed in this specific order. Also, remember that using the KX modifier means that you have all the required documentation per the local coverage determination.
When billed this way, Medicare will know that you are providing an upgrade and will deny the first line, E0265GA, as not medically necessary with a Patient Responsibility (PR) message. Then the claim line with the E0255KXGK will continue through to normal claims processing. This will keep you from having to work a denial right off the bat for billing the E0265 without the correct modifier. Also, be sure to make the proper adjustment in your aged accounts receivable so you are not tracking the E0265GA, as you do not expect to be paid on that claim from Medicare.
Now let's look at how to bill for an upgrade without an ABN. You will use the GL modifier or the GK/GZ modifiers, depending on the situation.
Use the GL modifier if the physician ordered the upgrade or if the upgrade is provided for convenience and you will not charge for it. In this instance, you will bill only for the item that meets coverage criteria. The HCPC code of the item provided is not billed.
Example: The physician orders a fully electric bed or you upgrade, without cost to the beneficiary, to a fully electric bed, but the beneficiary only qualifies for a manual bed. In this case, you would bill E0255KXGL.
With the GK/GZ modifier, the physician has not ordered the upgrade but it is provided at the request of the beneficiary and no ABN is obtained. In this case, you would bill for the HCPC code that was supplied with a GZ modifier on the first line, and the item that met the coverage criteria on the second line with a GK modifier. Let's use the example of upgrading to a fully electric bed at the beneficiary's request though he or she only qualifies for a manual bed. You would bill E0265GZ on the first line, and E0255KXGK on the second. Again, the claims must be billed in this specific order.
When billed this way, Medicare will know that you are providing an upgrade and deny the first line, E0265GZ, as not medically necessary with a Contractual Obligation (CO) message, and the claim line with the E0255KXGK will continue through to normal claims processing.
Lastly, you cannot use a GK or GL modifier to upgrade different product classes, such as a beneficiary who qualifies for a walker but wants a wheelchair. That is not a proper use of the modifiers and is not considered an upgrade.
Jane Bunch is vice president, HME consulting, for Atlanta-based CareCentric. A reimbursement specialist, Bunch delivers educational seminars worldwide, helps develop corporate compliance plans and serves as a consultant for fraud and abuse cases. She can be reached at 678/264-4495 or via e-mail at jane.bunch@carecentric.com.
This month's column was co-authored by Kevin R. Bunch.
